I know that you are an atheist (like me), still do this.
Well I am not refering to pray 3875.5637exp234.422 times a day.
Read on::::::::::::::::::::::: :::
Angelic software is a small company in Russia, with two extraordinary and very nice softwares :
1] Angel Writer, a text editor, for editing text in *.txt, *.rtf, *html, *.* mode and is a nice program.
Complete feature list:
1. Is small, download size 1.69 MB, and installed file size 2.08 MB
2. Can control Font color, size, indent, in custom value and can control Background color, and Highlight color
3. Left, right, center, justified mode
4. Automatic scaling to printer
5. Inserts picture and table easily and it is easier to do here than in MS word
6. Do anything and save in html format, it will automatically be converted to html code (but hardcore web developers might think this not enough for them).
7. Unique formatting : we can put a underline in any text editor, what about an overline? Try it here.
8. Language support : English, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Turkish
9. Hyperlinking facility
10. Horizontal rule, pagebreak, and symbol insert support.
11. Copy and pest anything from anywhere, it is always source formatted, whatever the original document be.
I am not a hardcore publisher, I feel this very hetu (Handy and Easy To Use) for text editing.
Journey Baj : Part 3 ::: Rainlashed
Story of drenching in the rain and learning the drink, falling from sky, flowing over earth, carrying things, and the mechanics more closely -- from diiferent view angle.
I went to my former school, PC higher secondary to get recomendation letters and when leaving that school, i faced rain. The umbrella which was with me was not enough, and I got drenched. I wasn't alone, I drenched together with my friend.
So we waited under a shelter until rain loses its power, and we then went to view the river just after rain, and saw it in full force.
The color of the waterflow was what you will probably call in RGB notation RGB(227,217,191). It is the most approximate value.
I didn't have the camera then, and my camera lack a AllWeather case, thats why no photograph.
Anyway back to river, the color was not constant, it varied, the lighting, shading, opacity, gamma --- all varied,because the flow was not laminer, instead turbulent. It is alright that it oughtta be so, but I observed it practically in field !
There were small waves, rather ripples, very small, and the wave pattern was not linear, it appeared to be superimposed. More appropiately saying, two diagonal waves were superimposed on one another.
Since earthly rivers at lowland flow stage, do not carry much slit, the water oughtta be more whiter, but since it is monsoon, water volumn increased and also increased the carring capacity according to 6th power rule.
Carrying capacity = k.(water volumn)^6
So the water was darker.
Let us try to try to analyse the hydrology.
Things that we should take for granted :
1] At this area, due to low land incline, the river flow is generally horizontal.
2] The water enters this segment of channel, and exits.
3] The waves are not necessarily harmonic.
4] The depth of river channel is much greater than the wave length
Now:
c = Ö((lg / 2p) + (2pg / rl))
c = Cerelity of the waves
l = Wave length --- crest to crest
g = Surface tension
r = Density of water
There were slit in the water which increased r. I found that this sort of water easily sticks to torusers, and so g is indeed low.
So g/r is very low, but in order to keep c constant (c is constant, cause it is generated by more steady windflow.) 1/l must increase, and thus l must decrease, thats why so small waves in so turbulent flow.
Any way, I must say that these are primary observations, and you should judge it carefully before you do anyhting else.
When rain pour, the dusted green trees become glowingly green............................Visibility comes down..................... water runs along the road.
Rain makes me mad for Shanyce, for this romantic times and I am lacking her, I just wanna kiss her in these days where there is only rain and cool monsoon wind blowing in full swing.
My country is watered by monsoon winds. It comes from the other hemisphere. During hot summer days, air heats up and blows upward createing low pressure; the mechanism is famos to all. The LPZ is so powerfull, it attracts trade wind from the southerly hemisphere and as it comes, it brings water vapour form indian ocean, and as it encounters the land, it rises over the heavier drier land air, and triggers rain : Cyclonic rain, as it is famosly known. Sometimes Jet stream attracts it frictionally, and it rises higher, resulting in more cooling, hence more condensation, hence more rain. Sometimes Jet stream forces the water carring wind down, reversing the mechanism.
When it reaches the mountain, it climbs according to ground slope, condenses, and travels along the mountain, raining the hillfoots or famos terrai-s.
This rain mechnism is not visible from my single home town, still there is a lot of which actually understood from the very local rain.
My HomeTown Pics:
Left : Gaining energy before downpour
Right: Enrergy : Zooming in
Spike! From all clock directions!!
Left : The sky is captured
Right : UNPENETRABLE
Left : Lashing everybody
Right : Visibility down
Features :
No regularity of quantity. May be flood this year and draught next year.
No regularity of time. This year it came in late june.
Somtimes drizzle sometimes cats and dogs.
May start gradually or suddenly.
These extreme contrusts in features makes it difficult to model the whole mechanism for experts.
Hi there:
I need your help!
Are you a starchild ? Wannan be ?
Then help another starchild (that's me) to achieve my dream.
I am a space enthusiastist and ameture astronomer, this year I have been selected as a delegate (new explorer) for the Space Generation Congress. I want to attend it. I was also selected for the last year, but couldn't go. So this year I am frantic to reach there. But I am a student, and I have nothing to earn, I am employed nowhere, I need money, as you know or understand. Please help me to achieve my dream. Thanks. Mail me directly to sparkofbluedge@yahoo.com
I will remain greatly obliged, and I will give you the details I have learnt there!
What you can do:
1. Directly donate me with a dollar draft, or make tranjaction to my bank account at Standard Chatered Bank.
2. Sponsor me, this is probably your first choice, if you have a business.
3. Forwrad this request to somebody else who will REALLY help me .Thanks.
Donate me (preferably with dollar draft).
sponsor me (Business people will like it).
Refer to sombody who can help me.
Recently I have applied for WWF membership, and I am pending Password confirmation. My job is to help "BIG CATS" ,i.e., tigers, leopards, snow leopards, lions , survive better and produce more offsprings. I am trusted to use my engineering abilities to help the cats, and, probably, I will be making cameras and satelites and/or other homing devices to keep watch on them eeks. I think my Hawk project will be of infinite use for my experience gathering.
Let's wish together for those non-human-s (MIND, I AM NOT SAYING "INHUMAN", I AM SAYING NON-HUMAN!) for leaveing safely on the planet!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
LAST WORD : IF YOU WANNA JOIN THE WWF, PLEASE VISIT www.panda.org and/ or www.worldwildlife.org/involve .
Part 1 : Episode Three : New findings in planet mars : mystery of the famous fan-shaped-spottes are likely to be solved.
Reports collected from Universe Today, SpaceDaily, and NASA
Eruptions in Martian Ploes :Seasonal jets and answer to long lasted questions about strange dark spots from Martian Surface at South Polar Cap.
Nasa's Mars Odyssey and Mars Global Surveyor Sapcecrafts now gave detailed picture of this region, and also pictured the fan shaped area in south polar caps.
The mars polar caps are actually chunks or slabs of mostly dry-ice. During spring times, the carbon-di-oxide warms and starts to sublimate and starts to thrust up dark colored dust and sand upward. This materials, after sometimes, settle down to mars surface, and these things art often spotted by the spacecrafts as fan-shaped-dark-bodies.
Here I include a picture to understand the idea, and this is actually what I UNDERSTOOD!! :-)))))))))
These spots are 15 to 46 meters high, and about 30 to 280 meters apart, and appear only in the southern spring each year, and they have got a tendency of recuring at the same place.
An earlier theory stated this to be warm, bare patches of ground, exposed after ice has melted. But InFraRed camera on Odyssey turned this proposal down, for these cameras detected low InFraRed emmision. Since heat is radiated in IFR bandwidth, this suggests low radiation, thus a cool body.
It even says, that this is as cold as solid CO2 itself, this suggests a deposit on the dryice surface.
So the main researcher of Odyssey camera, Phil Christensen of Arizona State University, suggeted the theory which I already said above.
ATTENTION Maniacal creators!!!!!!!!!!!!
Invitation to share thoughts.
If you have the harp in brain, which, when playing, irritates you for being far away from the ultimate blue, and
makes you to do something, to create something, even as a replica, from whatever available, that helps to dream
about the real life thing, you are most welcome.
Are you that one who dreams to reach the deep blue one day? Dreams about the blue itself? Dreams to create
somthing to reach actually there?
Do you make aircrafts or related models from paper or cardboard, or something most commonly available?
Then please accept the invitation to join the place to share thoughts.
Post your comments directly, or e-mail me at sparkofblueedge@yahoo.com
Again, if you only wanna get some idea, you are welcome, you will surely find a lot.
Aircrafts from everyday things : paper aircrafts and their aerodynamics:
Foreword :
Air crafts can be fashioned out of paper sheets, and here these will fly with serious work of aerodynamics. Here I will present one after one of my creations, almost one each day. Keep an watch, I will also try to express the aerodynamics behind there flight, if I cannot, I will ask your help to understand the aerodynamics. I will build each plane with A4 size sheet, since the shape is most perfect for this work in my opinion, and later also mention the dimentions, after cuts and joints. For this time being, these palnes are wheel less, and mostly manually launched, and some aircraft launched, few are catapult launched .
Aircraft launch , range, air flow optimum condition, and other necessary data are mentioned..
You can use these models for any purpose, but only if you send me a postcard of your home town, or a picture of your home town, even a scanned image will do, but it must be of YOUR TOWN OR VILLAGE OR LOCATION --------- by email, and after you make your first successful launch, YOU MUST SEND ME YOUR EXPERIENCE BY MAIL to make me happy.
There are many things to keep in mind:
1. A little variation in dust deposite in either wings might lead to catastrophic lose of flight control.
2. Try to make these winged wonders as symmetric as possible, for I am not including any pilot or autopilot in them.
3. Rest the plae after each flight, sharpen the creases, and straighten any bends in nose or wingtip.
4. Even for the interior of the framework, stick to symmetry.
5. Most important and a must-do: If you can improove anything about this, please send me an email sparkofblueedge@yahoo.com
Thanks,
Model Set : 1
The simplrer that does not need a cellophine adhesive tape :
Model 1 :
Name : Ballista
Our plane Ballista
Important feature(s) and identification : Ability to move horizontally without much deflection:
Range : Directly proportional to launching force.
Launch :
Catapult Launch : Not yet perfected.
Manual Launch :So far used.
Aircraft Launch : Not yet perfected, but sometime works with similar prototypes.
Use : Horizontal long range journey and carrier for other aircraft.
Dimentions while made from A4 size paper :
Length : 16.8 cm approx
Wingspan: 7.3 cm approx
Air flow condition : Light wind at back, or no wind at all.
Making:
Follow this instruction and/or pictures:
Aerodynamics:
Careful observations show that this is basically a heavyhead with channel flow controls and high drag stabilizers,
Here are the pictures :
While launched softly, the wings do the stabilization, and helps it to carry on further, the upward component on this airplane consists of upward component of launch force and the viscosity component of air, thus lengthening flight time. That's why the flight path appears as an elongeted parabola.
For most common launch situation, the torque, acting upon it, makes it to follow a loop
While launched hard, the upper winglets create enough turbulance to initiate stalling.
While launched at light wind at back, the airplanes wings act like kite, and help it to gain height.
While launched at high wind at back, the airplanes wings act like kite again, but the high wind overturns the lightwhight framework.
While launched upside down, the wings again push the plane up acting life a kite.
This prototype does not have a aerofoil based wing, instead it is using the kites mechanism to hold and gain height.
Works with windows 98, XP et all, a very nice deepspace simulator.
Now I have got a very nice deep-space simulator : which is called Celestia, and was downloaded from this place at sourceforge. this thing is simply W-O-N-D-E-R-F-U-L-L
. Believe me. = Start your voyage from somewhere at the earth's surface,
start orbiting earth, then go any where you feel.
If you like to go to the Nebula NGC 50, look at the picture.
Here I am gonna present the process to reach there.
This nebula is at a distance of 29.80 Mega parsec approximately from our solar system. First clck on the "Navigation" tab. The same dialouge box will appear as shown in the picture. Type the name ngc 50 or NGC 50 but do not leave any blank space at the extreme left. I.e. Type "ngc 50" instead of " ngc 50".
Drag the dialouge box at any corner, this is only to clear your field of view, you may not do it if you don't wish. Then click on "Go to" and watch !!!
example shot
Here are a few pictures.
IC 4448 Galaxy
IC 230 Galaxy
The star omega caprpicorni
IC 5505 Galaxy
There are a lot, you can even orbit these objects -------------------- believe me it's....... it's a incredible experience. I must say that the word "incredible" is not valid in the terminology is wrong, but I say that this experience of using this software is incredible, when I am describing my cool software. Most interesting, you can go to extra-solar planets. This database can be updated , but the updates are not very frequent. The graphics is supported with intel ® compatible type graphics card,available in most common PCs, the rendering is overall good.
You can save screenshots and the default mode is *.jpeg, but can be optionally selected to *.png. The travelling rendering can be saved as movie, the default type is microsoft® uncompressed mpeg, but this makes the files too large. Any way, there are other types too, which I have not yet tested.
Happy journey. Good luck , please send me your experience. Thanks.
Free Download Manager
Physics of mars surface: here I do not give pictures that are copyrighted, if you wanna see them, go to www.solarviews.com/eng/mars.
Volcanoes:
Though all of them are dead now, once they formed the martian terrain. Olympus Mons is the most famos mountain here.
Formation:
The main volcanic region, i.e.the tharsis region might have been formed like this: Collected from solarviews --
Mantle Convection
This image shows a computer simulation of processes in the interior of Mars that could have produced the Tharsis region. The color differences are variations in temperature. Hot regions are red and cold regions are blue and green, with the difference between the hot and cold regions being as much as 1000°C (1800°F). Because of thermal expansion, hot rock has a lower density than cold rock. These differences in density cause the hot material to rise toward the surface and the cold material to sink into the interior, creating a large-scale circulation known as mantle convection. This type of mantle flow produces plate tectonics on Earth.
The hot, rising material tends to push the surface of the planet up, and the cold, sinking material tends to pull the surface down. These motions contribute to the overall topography of the planet. This deformation of the planet's surface is shown in gray along the outer surface of the planet in this image. The amount of deformation is highly exaggerated to make it visible here. The actual uplift in Tharsis is estimated to be about 8 kilometers (5 miles) at its center. This uplift also stretches the crust, forming features such as graben and Valles Marineris. In addition, the hot, rising material may melt as it approaches the surface, producing volcanic activity.
The biographical and medical information of mars volcanoes (i.e. age, height, weight, width, address etc) can be found in detail in the solarviews, SEDS, hubblesite etc sites. I am not interested to reproduce the mechnical detail, I will produce the interesting features.
1. Location of volcanic regions:
All volcanic regions, like the Tharsis and Elysium is located on Broad Domes. The Tharsis dome is 4000 km accross and about 10 kms high. Thy Elysium Planitia dome is 1700 km x 2400km in size.(According to solarviews).
Terrestrial volcanoes are not always positioned over a dome.
2. Olympus Mons:
Olympus Mons is classified as a shield volcano, similar to volcanoes in Hawaii. The central edifice of Olympus Mons has a summit caldera 24 kilometers above the surrounding plains. Surrounding the volcano is an outward-facing scarp 550 kilometers in diameter and several kilometers high. Beyond the scarp is a moat filled with lava, most likely derived from Olympus Mons. Farther out is an aureole of characteristically grooved terrain, just visible at the top of the frame. (Data from solarviews).
Now the eruption is so powerfull that it had put lava in a moat, beyond 200 kms and maybe even more. (The Olympus Mons is about in the center of the scarpland and so most possibly it is 200 kms away from the scarpland edge) Since this type of Shield volcano is not explosively erruptive, just guess how much lava it pumped out once that reached the faraway moat, before solidifying en route.
Look at the size of the Mons. Surprisingly its typical slope is only 2 to 5.
The caldera of the Mons is located 24 kilometers above the surrounding martian plains. The caldera is about 80 kilometers across with walls that are 2.4 to 2.8 kilometers deep. Calderas are produced when the roof of the magma chamber collapses due to removal of magma by voluminous eruptions or subterranean magma withdrawal. (According to solarviews).
Once the mars was geologically very active. So much lava eruption occurred to produce such an enormous caldera.
3. Ascraeus Mons Summit
This complex caldera is composed of several discrete centers of collapse where the older collapse features are cross-cut by more recent collapse events. The lowermost circular floor preserves the last lava flooding event that followed the last major collapse. The southern wall of the caldera has at least 3 kilometers of vertical relief with an average slope of at least 26° (from horizontal). The caldera complex truncates several lava flows, indicating that the flows predate the collapse event and that their source areas have been destroyed by the caldera formation.(Data from solarviews).
4.Apollinaris Patera
This had both explosive and effusive characteristics. Image of Apollinaris Patera shows this. Incised valleys in most of the flanks of Apollinaris Patera indicates ash deposits and an explosive origin. Evidences of landslides are found.Those landslides have shaped its surface and this phnomena indicates ash deposits. Towards the south flank, a large fan of material flowed out of the volcano. This indicates an effusive origin. Perhaps during its early development Apollinaris Patera had an explosive origin with effusive eruptions taking place later on.(Data from solarviews)
5.Ceraunius Tholus and Uranius Tholus
Ceraunius Tholus shows several incised valleys cut into its flanks which indicate that it was easily eroded and probably consists of ash deposits due to explosive activity. The lower flanks of the volcano have been buried beneath the plains material. Ceraunius Tholus is about the size of the Big Island of Hawaii. Uranius Tholus also shows similar characteristics to Ceraunius Tholus. A major impact crater, near Ceranius Tholus, postdates the plains material and volcano. However, a prominent delta of probable volcanic material was emplaced within the impact crater at the mouth of a sinuous channel that extends up the flank of Cerauius Tholous to the summit crater. (Data from solarviews)
Look that the volcanic activities are similar to riverain activites of earth. The volcanic material forms DELTA : A major riverain feature.
Also look that the lower flanks of Ceraunius Tholus is BURRIED under the plains material. In other words, deposits formed the plain partly burring the volcano. But what is the origin of the deposits and who carried them to be deposited here? Riverflow ? Windflow ? Or again volcanic activity ?
6. Tyrrhena Patera
Volcanoes located within the densely cratered southern highlands have a very different morphology from both the Tharsis Elysium volcanoes. Tyrrhena Patera has very little vertical relief (< 2 kilometers), resulting in very shallow flank slopes. The flanks of the volcano are deeply eroded with many broad channels that radiate from the summit region. The low relief and easily erodible nature of the flank materials indicates that the bulk of the volcano is composed of pyroclastic ash deposits. This interpretation implies that the style of eruption for the highland volcanoes like Tyrrhena Patera is significantly different from the repeated effusion of fluid lavas that built up the shield volcanoes. (Data from solarviews)
>
Notice that the flank have been eroded by lava channels, Lava can even erode the planet's surface, which is not very common in earth, instead channel erossion is much the work of water and some wind. These lavas must have had enough speed to do this, which is much higher than earthly lava flow.
7.Tempe Volcano
Volcanic construct on Mars are not all enormous mountains like the Tharsis Montes. This elongate hill surmounted by a linear depression is interpreted to be a product of localized but not extremely voluminous eruptions. If the volcanic material was emplaced by ejection along a ballistic trajectory, this feature may be similar to a terrestrial cinder cone. This feature is aligned with several grabens in the area so that a structural weakness in the crust may have provided the conduit for the volcanic material to reach the surface.(Data from solarviews)
Here watch that mars had a crust, with different strenght in different places.
8. Hellas Mounds
Numerous small mounds having summit craters are found in various locations on MarsSuch as in the east of the Hellas basin. These features have been interpreted to be pseudocraters created by localized phreatic explosions where lava interacts with volatile-rich ground. Most of the mounds are between 400 meters to 1 kilometer across. Many have slotlike summit vents. However, images presently available do not have sufficient resolution to show conclusive evidence of a volcanic origin for the mounds.(Data from solarviews)
Interior of Mars:
Currently, it is supposed that the interior of Mars can be modeled with a thin crust, a mantle and a core, similar to earth. Using four parameters, the Martian core size and mass can be determined. However, only three out of the four are known and include the total mass, size of Mars, and the moment of inertia. Mass and size was determined accurately from early missions. The moment of inertia was determined from Viking lander and Pathfinder Doppler data, by measuring the precession rate of Mars. The fourth parameter, needed to complete the interior model, will be obtained from future spacecraft missions. With the three known parameters, the model is significantly constrained. If the Martian core is dense (composed of iron) similar to Earth's or SNC meteorites thought to originate from Mars, then the minimum core radius would be about 1300 kilometers. If the core is made out of less-dense material such as a mixture of sulfur and iron, the maximum radius would probably be less than 2000 kilometers.
This is collected from solarviews and they have not yet said what the forth character is.
Central Candor Chasm - Oblique View
This image (please go to solarview) shows part of Candor Chasm in Valles Marineris. It is centered at Latitude -5.0, Longitude 70.0. The view is from the north looking into the chasm. Candor Chasm's geomorphology is complex, shaped by tectonics, mass wasting, wind, and perhaps by water and volcanism.
Possiblities of finding fossil in Mars : West Candor Chasm (Enhanced Color)
This picture (centered at latitude 4° S, longitude 76° W) shows areas of central Valles Marineris, including Candor Chasm (lower left), Ophir Chasm (lower right), and Hebes Chasm (upper right). Complex layered deposits in the canyons may have been deposited in lakes, and if so, are of great interest for future searches for fossil life on Mars. The pinkish deposits in Candor Chasm may be due to hydrothermal alterations and the production of crystalline ferric oxides. ((Geissler et al., 1993, Icarus 106,380). Viking Orbiter Picture Numbers 279B02 (violet), 279B10 (green), and 279B12 (red) at 240 meters/pixel resolution. Picture width is 231 kilometers. North is 47° clockwise from top.) (Data from solarviews)
Landslides in Mars : Ophir Chasma
Ophir Chasma is a large west-northwest-trending trough about 100 km wide. The Chasma is bordered by 4 km high walled cliffs, most likely faults, that show spur-and-gully morphology and smooth sections. The walls have been dissected by landslides forming reentrants; one area (upper left) on the north wall shows a young landslide about 100 km wide. The volume of the landslide debris is more than 1000 times greater than that from the May 18, 1980 debris avalanche from Mount St. Helens. The longitudinal grooves seen in the foreground are thought to be due to differential shear and lateral spreading at high velocities. The landslide passes between mounds of interior layered deposits on the floor of the chasma.
Landslides and more complex procceses : Landslide in Valles Marineris
Although Valles Marineris originated as a tectonic structure, it has been modified by other processes. Sometimes there are landslides. This landslide partially removed the rim of the crater that is on the plateau adjacent to Valles Marineris. The texture of the landslide deposit where it flowed across the floor of Valles Marineris has several distinct layers can be seen in the walls of the trough. These layers may be regions of distinct chemical composition or mechanical properties in the Martian crust.
The soalrviews folks do not say what are the chemical and / or mechanical properties actually are. Can you tell me where can I find them?
Water flow in Mars : There was very high flow rate : Outflow Source of Channel Ravi Vallis
Image of the head of Ravi Vallis shows a 300-kilometer long portion of a channel. Like many other channels that empty into the northern plains of Mars, Ravi Vallis orginates in a region of collapsed and disrupted ("chaotic") terrain within the planet's older, cratered highlands. Structures in these channels indicate that they were carved by liquid water moving at high flow rates. The abrupt beginning of the channel, with no apparent tributaries, suggests that the water was released under great pressure from beneath a confining layer of frozen ground. As this water was released and flowed away, the overlying surface collapsed, producing the disruption and subsidence shown in the image. Three such regions of chaotic collapsed material are seen in this image, connected by a channel whose floor was scoured by the flowing water. The flow in this channel was from west to east . This channel ultimately links up with a system of channels that flowed northward into Chryse Basin. (Data from solarviews)
Though this was a great water flow channel, it lacks tributary. Is not that interesting?
Again, sometimes in earth, there are little brooks, that lack tributaries completely, and is originated from melten glacier ice, or from ground water, and that does not mean Release of water under great pressure. Again, how can one be sure that those tributaries are not destoryed by later geological process?
Another important thing, if you have carefully read this, you might remember, I mentioned possiblities of high lava flow speed, and here they say high water flow rate.
Mars is not very large planet with large g, i.e. gravitational accelaration, but while considering channel hydrolics, we know, high g and high slope causes high flow rate? So what created the high flow rates through definite "channels"? Is it only high slope? or something else? Can only high slope and such relatively small g can create such high flow rate at all ?
Most interesting : Streamlined Islands
The water that carved the channels to the north and east of the Valles Marineris canyon system had tremendous erosive power. One consequence of this erosion was the formation of streamlined islands where the water encountered obstacles along its path. This image shows two streamlined islands that formed as the water was diverted by two 8-10 kilometer diameter craters lying near the mouth of Ares Vallis in Chryse Planitia. The water flowed from south to north. The height of the scarp surrounding the upper island is about 400 meters, while the scarp surrounding the southern island is about 600 meters high.
Was it really water or somthing else more dense ? Did the water contain something crystaline that eroded so smoothly ? In earth, we do not actually find such exact teardrop shaped island.
Dunefield
Several dune types are found in the north circumpolar dunefield, like of transverse dunes, barchan dunes etc. Go to the solarviews to find exellent and sadly copyrighted pictures. Transverse dunes are oriented perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. They are long and linear, and frequently join their neighbor in a low-angle "Y" junction. Barchan dunes are crescent-shaped mounds with downwind-pointing horns. These dunes are comparable in size to the largest dunes found on the Earth. (Data from solarviews)
How can dunes on such a small plante have almost the same size as the largests of there terrestrial counterparts ? How much sand does the Mars have to form such dunes ? And since the SAND IS THERE, after how much erosion, this sand originated from rock surfaces ? How long did it take to complete such enormous erosion ? Or while the planet cooled and formed solid mass from its gaseous state, did it directly fromed dust and sand, i.e. small particles instead of large, continuous masses of rock ?
Still mystery : White Rock
This is a lesser known, but unusual feature on Mars. Exellent picture is located in the solarviews website. It is commonly called "White Rock". The white feature is eroded crater fill, but exactly how it was formed has not been satisfactorily explained. White Rock was not formed by polar processes because it lies near to the equator at latitude -8 degrees and longitude 355 degrees. It has been modified through aeolian erosion showing transverse and longitudinal erosional features.
Martian Sky:
Due to presence of excess dust, the martian sky is red instead of being blue.
There are other planets as well as earth, and those plasnets are also surrounded by geological activities. We will try to present such activities, one after one.
First, let's take Mars. This planet is relatively dead. But different activities used to go on here. Mars' pride the Olympus Mons is the highest Volcano in the solar system, and possibly the highest mountain too. There are lots of evidances found by the Mars Rover missions, and even during most recent studies, the twin rovers Spirit and Opportunity found signs of water on mars. They found ferrosoferrick oxides, i.e. rust in martian iron carrying rocks. Lots of hematite compounds are also found. They also found other signs of chemical reaction that were happened in the presence of water.
Calcium compounds and Phosphate compound are also found.
The planet's ingredients:::::::::::::
****************Here is a list of minerals found in mars from Mount Holyoke College ************************* *
I give a faithful copy.
Minerals in mars
pentlandite
sulfide
(Fe,Ni)9S8
pyrrhotite
sulfide
Fe1-xS
pyrite
sulfide
FeS2
hematite (nanophase)
oxide
alpha-Fe2O3
hematite and titanohematite
oxide
alpha-Fe2O3
ferrihydrite
oxide
5Fe2O8.9H2O
perovskite
oxide
CaTiO3 [(Ca,Na)(Nb,Ti,Fe)O3]
maghemite
spinel
gamma-Fe2O3
goethite
hydroxide
alpha-FeO(OH)
lepidocrocite
hydroxide
gamma-FeO(OH)
feroxyhyte
hydroxide
delta-FeO(OH)
akaganéite
hydroxide
beta-FeO(OH)
schwertmannite
hydroxide
Fe16O16(OH)y(SO4)z.nH2O
hercynite
spinel
Fe2+Al2O4
magnesioferrite
spinel
MgFe3+2O4
magnetite
spinel
Fe2+Fe3+2O4
siderite
carbonate
Fe2+CO3
ankerite
carbonate
Ca(Fe2+,Mg,Mn)(CO3)2
hydromagnesite
carbonate
Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O
rhomboclase
sulfate
Hfe3+(SO4)2.4H2O
melanterite
sulfate
Fe2+SO4·7H2O
hydronium jarosite, natrojarosite
sulfate
(H3O+)2Fe3+6(SO4)4(OH)12Na2Fe3+6 (SO4)4(OH)12
fayalite
olivine
Fe2+2SiO4
laihunite
olivine
Fe2+Fe3+2(SiO4)2
almandine
garnet
Fe3+2Al2(SiO4)3
andradite
garnet
Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
pigeonite
clinopyroxene
(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)(Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6
enstatite/ ferrosilite
orthopyroxene
(Mg,Fe2+)2Si2O6
hedenbergite
clinopyroxene
CaFe2+Si2O6
augite
clinopyroxene
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6
anthophyllite
amphibole
(Mg,Fe2+)7Si8O22(OH)2
actinolite
amphibole
Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5Si8O22(OH)2
kaersutite
amphibole
NaCa2(Mg,Fe2+)4Ti(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
kaolinite
kaolinite-serpentine
Al2Si2O5(OH)4
antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite
kaolinite-serpentine
(Mg,Fe2+)3Si2O5(OH)4
muscovite
mica
KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2
glauconite
mica
(K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2
biotite
mica
K(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)Si3O10(OH,F)2
annite
mica
KFe2+3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2
“illite”
mica-clay
(K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2, H2O]
“smectite”
mica-clay
(not specified by the college. ----- blogger)
montmorillonite
smectite
(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O
nontronite
smectite
Na0.33Fe2(Si,Al)4O10·nH2O
chamosite
chlorite
(Fe2+Mg,Fe3+)5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)8
anorthite-albite
feldspar
CaAl2Si2O8-NaAlSi3O8
The college experts did the classification with free DANA software, as I found it in there site.
*********What was previously known from past missions:
(and surpisingly no news from recent studies):
Pioneer missions 10 & 11 confirmed that even in these days, photosynthesis( ÎÐÐÎÎ !!!!) go on in mars!!!
They both conducted a simple experiment:
A cylindrical Chamber with a quartz window to let sunlight in was prepared airtight. A sample of martian soil was collected in the chamber with manipulator arm and the chamber was sealed. H2O with radio active oxygen and CO2 was pumped in. And the radioactivity in oxygen was measured, which was found to be of 15 units of a predetermined standard unit.(As far as I know, It was NOT measured in Curie). After 24 hours of waiting the radioactive level in the same chamber's oxygen was found to be 400 units. So something must released oxygen from the water, and it WAS oxygen that contained the 400 units, for only oxygen was made to be absorved in certain solution before the measurements. I don't know what the solution is, do you? Let me know sparkofblueedge@yahoo.com
Here is a picture of the experiment
To find whether the on board reaction was photosynthesis or not, the chamber was heated at high temperature and meathen was found in the chamber as well as water and carbon, and other trace quantity of simple hydrocarbons were also found. This made researchers think that some mechanism indeed go on there, which has similarities with photosynthesis, but is different in many aspects. Recently, rover opportunity claimed that no sign of active life has been found there!!! How curious!!
Physically, martian atmosphere is the thing relatively active. The images sent by Pathfinder mission tells that the martian sky is pink or red. In every afternoon, on mars a dust storm arises, and holds on for 20 minutes to a few hours, making the atmospheric physics quite intewresting. Phenomenons like Thunderbolt, St. elmos Fire or other high energy events have not yet been reported.
But there are continuously cloud activity:
I got most of these informations from www.solarviews.com/eng
All image courtsy www.solarviews.com and Calvin J. Hamilton.
First of all, here is the pictures of clouds:
Cyclonic events Ý: Cyclonic activities are common in mars near polar caps edges during late summer to begining of winter.
The cyclonic generator system is spotted at the edge of north polar cap. Powerful telescopes and orbiter modules even pick up frost, which is visible as bright spots in that region.
Lee cloud »»hãã :
As the name suggests, this cloud forms in the lee side of large obstacles, like inside impact creater, boulder etc.The image indicates periodicity, and let's have a deeper look. I think this shape is analogous to the wave shape that forms in a open water reservior or pond or in the river, while the waves, generated in the middle of the water body due to wind, strikes the bank edge during windy summer days. Inside the creater, I do not find any sign of interference, but outside the creater, there is certain indication of interference, I am pointing at the upper right. Even the peak row of the wave front has a periodic nature along its lenght, NOT width.
It seems that wind has flown from lower left to upper right. I never seen this type of cloud, not even during my visits to himalayan mountains. In earth, in similar places the cloud that forms is concentrated in small "packets", This indicates, in mars airflow might have a steadier motion, but yet nobody confirmed this hypothesis. If it is true, mars aircraft flghts might face less airpockets and hence less stalling condition.
≋∭
Wave
cloud≋or∭
This are clsssified according to liniar formation. I don't understand this bit. I guess from the image that it is a periodic function depending on two independent variable I mean double periodicity. Like this font symbol, the unit group of three curves appear periodically and inside each unit, the single curve also appear periodically. These are found at the edge of the polar cap, and in the Tharsis and Lunae Planum regions. In earth this type of feature is found in tropical region after a heavy spell of rain, indicating cooler and plesanter weather.
Cloud street :
▒▒▓` 17;▓
▒▒▓` 17;▓
These types of clouds usually occur close to the northern-polar cap and in the Tharsis and Syria Planum regions. This time the solarviews people says seriously that this type of cloud has double periodicity, I don't find where. Can you help me to understand this type of cloud. To me this seemed to be altocumulus type.
Streaky Clouds:
Streaky clouds seem to be found most everywhere; however, they seem to be more concentrated in the highlands southwest of Syrtis Major. I think, from the image, this cloud is like sheet cloud in here,i.e. stratus or altostratus, indicating general downpour.
Fog :
Fog is found in low-lying areas, typically in the southern hemisphere especially in the Argyre and Hellas basins. also it forms inside craters. Occasionally, it occurs in higher regions such as Sinus Sabaeus and Solis Planum.
Dust Plume :
This is an example of a dust plume in the Solis Planum region. This image was taken during the springtime for this region. Plumes are found primarily in the southern hemisphere, in highlands such as Syrtis Major and in elevated regions such as Tharsis.
Clouds in Noctis Labyrinthis
This image shows early morning fog in the Noctis Labyrinthis, at the westernmost end of Valles Marineris. This fog, which is probably composed of water ice, is confined primarily to the low-lying troughs, but occasionally extends over the adjacent plateau. The region shown is about 300 kilometers (186 miles) across. TAKE CAREFUL LOOK AT THIS. THIS IS AN EXACT FAITHFUL COPY OF WHAT WAS WRITTEN IN THE solarviews SITE.
Now immidiate question:
The martian atmosphere has cloud mainly composed of water ice. But there IS NO VAST WATER BODY IN MARS LIKE EARTHLY SEA, LAKE, RIVER, ETC.
This must have been formed from solid ice of the polar caps. And even, the cloud is formed of ice and that ought to precipitate. And this prcipitation ought to be in forms of ice, since no water is spotted in liquid form. Thus they would NOT release enough latent heat to creat disturbance in air and no mechanism similar to monsoon thunderstorm mechanism in the tropics in earth would occur. As in earth, we know that heat exchange by air and water droplets and water vapor creates cyclone by disturbing energy equilibrium. So what is the mechanism of a martian cyclone?
Can you help me?
Send a mail to sparkofblueedge@yahoo.com
The NASA WORLDWIND is a literally fabuolus freeware.
In my flight lasting for 35 minutes, I crash-landed in the Cuban swampland from space.
Again took of and crashed at florida, after a full circle around the earth.
It took literaly no time at all..
I love this software. Try this alright.
Our plane Ballista
While launched at high wind at back, the airplanes wings act like kite again, but the high wind overturns the lightwhight framework.
example shot
IC 4448 Galaxy
IC 230 Galaxy
The star omega caprpicorni
IC 5505 Galaxy
This image shows a computer simulation of processes in the interior of Mars that could have produced the Tharsis region. The color differences are variations in temperature. Hot regions are red and cold regions are blue and green, with the difference between the hot and cold regions being as much as 1000°C (1800°F). Because of thermal expansion, hot rock has a lower density than cold rock. These differences in density cause the hot material to rise toward the surface and the cold material to sink into the interior, creating a large-scale circulation known as mantle convection. This type of mantle flow produces plate tectonics on Earth.
Here is a picture of the experiment
This are clsssified according to liniar formation. I don't understand this bit. I guess from the image that it is a periodic function depending on two independent variable I mean double periodicity. Like this font symbol, the unit group of three curves appear periodically and inside each unit, the single curve also appear periodically. These are found at the edge of the polar cap, and in the Tharsis and Lunae Planum regions. In earth this type of feature is found in tropical region after a heavy spell of rain, indicating cooler and plesanter weather.
These types of clouds usually occur close to the northern-polar cap and in the Tharsis and Syria Planum regions. This time the 
